Clive Anderson - AT THE DERMATOLOGIST THE MAIN function of the skin is to protect the body from the outside environment. When the skin is healthy it does a very good job. When the skin is damaged in some way this function is compromised and our bodies may be under threat. Dangers to our skin abound from: -
The environment in which we live a harsh one in many ways. Many microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeasts) live on our bodies; they are part of the natural flora on our skin. Healthy skin is an effective barrier to these would be pathogens. At the slightest opportunity such as may occur due to a break in the skin however small, or a reduction in the skins defenses these organisms get in and causes disease. Infection of the skin by bacteria, fungi, yeasts and viruses are common in our warm humid climate.
Modern existence entails exposure to various toxins, allergens and harsh chemicals and this is combined with significant repetitive trauma to areas like hands and feet. Our footwear often exacerbates this. Healthy skin is an effective barrier to these chemicals but they may cause irritation of the skin and allergies
The work environment is also often harmful to the skin ranging from dry cold air in our offices to extreme exposure to ultraviolet rays outdoors causing skin cancers and photoaging of the skin. The skin becomes dry and cracks microscopically reducing its barrier protection. Our personal practices are also not skin friendly. We bathe in scalding water using harsh, highly perfumed soaps and are only happy when we completely remove the skins protective layer leaving it squeaky clean. We then rub vigorously with a rough towel to remove another few layers of cells and are surprised when the skin itches. Our nails also often succumb to the onslaught of frequent trauma from ill-fitting footwear and become damaged or infected. Similarly our hair not infrequently revolts against the inhumane treatment meted out to it and the follicles shut down production resulting in hair disorders.
The skin is a true mirror of what is happening in the body and many systemic diseases will exhibit skin manifestations. These include the skin signs of nutritional deficiencies, diabetes, connective tissue disorders, hormonal imbalances, circulatory disorders, and certain cancers to name but a few.
Biting insects are attracted to the easy meal our extensive skin provides. Some persons develop a hypersensitivity reaction to these bites with very itchy bumps persisting for long periods. Some of these exo- parasites remain on or in the upper layers of the skin like the scabies mite and are highly infectious.
The Sexually Transmitted diseases often manifest themselves by changes in the skin such as rashes, ulcers or an inflammation of the mucous membranes resulting in a discharge.
With all that it has to contend with it should come as no surprise that diseases of the skin are common. A hefty 15% of what the general practitioner sees is skin disease.
Other changes in the skin are more benign. These include the various growths that appear on our face, neck and trunk often mistakenly called warts. These get larger and more numerous as we get older. Cysts and skin tags are not uncommon and are easily removed. Maintaining healthy and beautiful skin requires work on our part. This must include the prompt treatment of any skin disorder and a proper maintenance programme.
Dr. Clive Anderson is a dermatologist
