Ellen Campbell-Grizzle

Diaper rash is a common skin problem seen in babies and young children. However, it can occur at any age if diapers or incontinence briefs are worn. An adult can develop a rash in the genital area if he or she is unable to routinely wash that area.

The condition is caused by skin irritation when diapers rub against the skin, fit too tightly or are left on too long. Most parents recognise diaper rash, also called diaper dermatitis, when they see it. The area where the diaper touches the skin appears red, raw, scalded and burnt. In bad cases, the rash can cause pimples, blisters and other sores. Small red patches may spread beyond the main part of the rash, just outside the diaper area. Evidence now shows that allergens in the diapers can cause such irritation as well. Diarrhoea may worsen the condition. If the rash becomes infected, medical attention is needed.

Best option

Prevention is the best option.

It is best to prevent diaper rash from starting in the first place. Try changing diapers regularly and rinsing baby's bottom with plain warm (not hot) water only. It also helps to give your baby some time to 'air out' without a diaper when possible. Place your baby on an open cloth diaper during nap time. Check the diaper shortly after your infant falls asleep and replace it if it is wet. Babies often void (urinate) right after falling asleep. Here are some other helpful hints to minimise those rashes:

Try different brands of diapers and wipes if you are using disposables; another brand may fit better and cause less friction. Your baby can be allergic to one brand and not another.

Allow your baby's skin to dry completely before putting on another diaper.

Avoid using plastic pants.

Harmful habits

Do not use creams that contain boric acid, camphor, phenol, methyl salicylate or compound of benzoin tincture. Talcum powder and cornstarch are not recommended. Talcum powder can get into your baby's lungs and cornstarch may worsen yeast infections. Do not use steroidal creams unless you have discussed this with your doctor.

Helpful hints

Pharmacists are often asked for non-prescription medicines to treat the condition. There are several creams available to treat the condition. Some babies need to have some cream applied with each new diaper. There are two basic types of barrier creams:

Petroleum ointment - this is a widely used ointment. It is less sticky, less messy and usually affordable.

White zinc ointment - this is thicker and may be better for babies who are more prone to rashes.

Pure lanolin ointment is excellent for soothing sore bottoms.

Remember, there are a few forms of diaper rashes that can be more than just irritation caused by urine, stool and diaper. These need medical attention and specific treatment.

You should be diligent about keeping the diaper area clean, cool and dry and in changing those diapers often. These are the key areas in preventing and treating diaper rashes.

The rash spreads to other areas such as the arms, face or scalp.